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Cell Structure Observations

Observations about microscopy videos for each of the 16 cell lines available in our Cell Catalog & 3D Cell Viewer.

Cell–cell contacts: Gap junctions visualized via connexin-43​

4/24/2018

 
A. Z-stack
B. Timelapse
Figures. Z-stack and timelapse movies of gap junctions. A) Z-stack of a live hiPS cell colony expressing mEGFP-tagged connexin-43. Cells were imaged in 3D on a spinning-disk confocal microscope. Movie starts at the bottom of the cells and ends at the top. Scale bar = 5 µm. B) Timelapse movie of a live hiPS cell colony expressing mEGFP-tagged connexin-43. Cells were imaged on a spinning-disk confocal microscope every 3.25 min. Image is a maximum intensity projection of 20 z-slices acquired at the top of the cells. Contrast is enhanced to show localization of connexin-43 to internal structures. Frames were histogram matched to adjust for photobleaching. Movie plays at 975x real time. Scale bar = 5 µm.
​
Observations
  • Connexin-43 is a key component of gap junctions, which are channels between cells that allow for small molecules and ions to pass directly between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. Gap junctions often cluster in larger gap junction plaques.
  • In hiPS cells, connexin-43 localizes most prominently to many puncta (presumably clusters of individual channels) at apical cell-cell junctions near the very top of the cells. Some puncta are also seen near the bottom and middle of the cell although in smaller numbers.
  • Connexin-43 is also localized to the plasma membrane and in internal structures that resemble the Golgi. This localization likely reflects the assembly and trafficking of connexin into gap junctions.
  • ​As hiPS cells progress though mitosis, the apical puncta at cell-cell junctions remain intact, but the connexin-43 associated with internal organelles, e.g. the Golgi, becomes diffuse throughout the cell. ​

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  • About
      Institute
      1. News feed
      2. What we do
      3. Publications
      4. Allen Institute | allenInstitute.org
      5. Careers
      Site
      1. Home page
      2. Site updates
      3. Archived content
  • Allen Cell Collection
      Order cells & plasmids
      1. Cell Catalog
      2. Cell Catalog quickview
      3. Cell Shorts (documentaries on labs using our cells)
      4. Support forum
      Lab methods
      1. Instructional videos for success in the lab
      2. Standard operating procedures (written methods)
      3. Illustrated overviews
      About our hiPS cells
      1. hiPS Cell Structure Overview
      2. Visual Guide to Human Cells
      3. Cell structure observations
      4. Why endogenous tagging?
      5. Differentiation into cardiomyocytes
      6. Genomics
      7. Download cell data (images, genomics, features)
  • Data & Digital Tools
      Online image analysis
      1. Cell Feature Explorer (plotting & 3D viewer)
      2. 3D cell viewer (pre2018)
      3. Deep cell zoom (216,016 cells)
      Online modeling viewers
      1. Visual Guide to Human Cells
      2. Simularium (4D visual analysis)
      3. Integrated Mitotic Stem Cell
      4. └ Z-stack viewer
      5. └ 3D viewer
      6. Allen Integrated Cell viewer
      7. Label-free examples viewer
      8. 3D probabilistic model viewer
      Desktop tools
      1. Allen Cell & Structure Segmenter
      2. AGAVE 3D pathtrace image viewer
      Data & code
      1. Download cell data (images, genomics, features)
      2. Code repositories & software
  • Analysis & Modeling
      Allen Integrated Cell models
      1. Overview
      2. Integrated Mitotic Stem Cell
      3. └ Z-stack viewer
      4. └ 3D viewer
      5. Label-free Determination
      6. └ 3D viewer
      7. 3D Probabilistic Modeling
      8. └ 3D viewer
      9. Visual Guide to Human Cells
      4D biology models
      1. Simularium (online 4D viewer)
      Methodologies
      1. Drug perturbation pilot study
      2. hiPS cells during mitosis
      3. Differentiation into cardiomyocytes
  • Publications
      Articles
      1. All journal publications
      2. Preprints (biorxiv, arxiv)
      Posters
      1. Select posters
  • Education
      Education resources
      1. All Resources
      2. Teaching materials
      Online tools popular with teachers
      1. Visual Guide to Human Cells
      2. Integrated Mitotic Stem Cell
      3. Cell Feature Explorer (interactive plotting & 3D viewer)
      4. 3D cell viewer (pre2018 data)
      5. hiPS cell structure overview
  • Support
      Questions
      1. FAQs
      2. Forum
      Tutorials for digital tools
      1. Digital tool tutorials with videos
      2. Visual Guide tutorial
      3. AGAVE user guide
      Lab methods
      1. Instructional videos for success in the lab
      2. Standard operating procedures (written methods)
      3. Illustrated overviews
  • 🔍
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