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Cell Structure Observations

Observations about microscopy videos for each of the 16 cell lines available in our Cell Catalog & 3D Cell Viewer.

​Mitochondria visualized via Tom20Ā 

3/14/2017

 
Z-stack
​High magnification timelapse (cell division)
Figure. Live cell movies of Tom20 in Mitochondria. Left: Z-stack of live hiPS cells expressing mEGFP-tagged Tom20 imaged on a spinning-disk confocal microscope. Images start from the bottom of the cells and end at the top. Right: Timelapse movie of hiPS cells expressing mEGFP-tagged Tom20 imaged on a Zeiss LSM880 Airyscan FAST in super-resolution mode. Images were collected in 3D every 30 seconds for 30 minutes. Images show a single slice near the bottom of the cell; playback speed is 150x real time.
​
Observations
  • Tom20 is a member of the TOM (translocase of the outer membrane) complex, which permits movement of proteins through the outer mitochondrial membrane and into the intermembrane space of mitochondria.
  • In hiPS cells, mitochondria are localized primarily to the top of cells in the nucleus-free ‘cytoplasmic pocket.’ In the center of cells, they localize perpendicular to the substrate and appear like hollow tubes in cross section, as expected for an outer mitochondrial membrane protein. There are fewer mitochondria at the bottom of cells. This observation is consistent with mitochondrial positioning in the cell being primarily dependent on microtubule positioning during interphase.
  • Mitochondria form long, interconnected tubules as well as smaller separated structures. The longest tubules are most visible at the bottom of cells where mitochondria are less crowded. Mitochondria are dynamic, jiggling due to Brownian motion, moving (presumably along microtubules) and exhibiting fission and fusion dynamics.
  • In mitotic cells mitochondria are more evenly distributed throughout the cell and tend to cluster towards the cell periphery, outside of the mitotic spindle.

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  • About
      Institute
      1. News feed
      2. What we do
      3. Publications
      4. Allen Institute | allenInstitute.org
      5. Careers
      Site
      1. Home page
      2. Site updates
      3. Archived content
  • Allen Cell Collection
      Order cells & plasmids
      1. Cell Catalog
      2. Cell Catalog quickview
      3. Cell Shorts (documentaries on labs using our cells)
      4. Support forum
      Lab methods
      1. Instructional videos for success in the lab
      2. Standard operating procedures (written methods)
      3. Illustrated overviews
      About our hiPS cells
      1. hiPS Cell Structure Overview
      2. Visual Guide to Human Cells
      3. Cell structure observations
      4. Why endogenous tagging?
      5. Differentiation into cardiomyocytes
      6. Genomics
      7. Download cell data (images, genomics, features)
  • Data & Digital Tools
      Online image analysis
      1. Cell Feature Explorer (plotting & 3D viewer)
      2. 3D cell viewer (pre2018)
      3. Deep cell zoom (216,016 cells)
      Online modeling viewers
      1. Visual Guide to Human Cells
      2. Simularium (4D visual analysis)
      3. Integrated Mitotic Stem Cell
      4. └ Z-stack viewer
      5. └ 3D viewer
      6. Allen Integrated Cell viewer
      7. Label-free examples viewer
      8. 3D probabilistic model viewer
      Desktop tools
      1. Allen Cell & Structure Segmenter
      2. AGAVE 3D pathtrace image viewer
      Data & code
      1. Download cell data (images, genomics, features)
      2. Code repositories & software
  • Analysis & Modeling
      Allen Integrated Cell models
      1. Overview
      2. Integrated Mitotic Stem Cell
      3. └ Z-stack viewer
      4. └ 3D viewer
      5. Label-free Determination
      6. └ 3D viewer
      7. 3D Probabilistic Modeling
      8. └ 3D viewer
      9. Visual Guide to Human Cells
      4D biology models
      1. Simularium (online 4D viewer)
      Methodologies
      1. Drug perturbation pilot study
      2. hiPS cells during mitosis
      3. Differentiation into cardiomyocytes
  • Publications
      Articles
      1. All journal publications
      2. Preprints (biorxiv, arxiv)
      Posters
      1. Select posters
  • Education
      Education resources
      1. All Resources
      2. Teaching materials
      Online tools popular with teachers
      1. Visual Guide to Human Cells
      2. Integrated Mitotic Stem Cell
      3. Cell Feature Explorer (interactive plotting & 3D viewer)
      4. 3D cell viewer (pre2018 data)
      5. hiPS cell structure overview
  • Support
      Questions
      1. FAQs
      2. Forum
      Tutorials for digital tools
      1. Digital tool tutorials with videos
      2. Visual Guide tutorial
      3. AGAVE user guide
      Lab methods
      1. Instructional videos for success in the lab
      2. Standard operating procedures (written methods)
      3. Illustrated overviews
  • šŸ”
      SEARCHBAR